There are 16 million slaves in business supply chains. New laws and regulations, consumers and investors are increasingly holding companies responsible for their potential adverse human rights impacts. To meet their legal and ethical responsibilities companies are expected to conduct thorough modern slavery risk assessments; a systemic process to determine actual and potential slavery risks resulting from a company’s own business activities and supply chain. Modern slavery risk assessments should be undertaken on a regular basis and are a necessary precondition to implement measures to prevent, mitigate and remediate adverse impacts.